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 Using a broody hen to incubate eggs is of course the most natural way to incubate. Not all hens will go broody, some are better than others - utility birds will rarely go broody as this has been selectively bred out of them and whilst they are broody, they are not laying eggs!
Hens will usually go broody in the spring and summer months if they are going to go broody at all so if you want to hatch at other times of the year, then you really need to consider using and incubator. There is something wonderful about seeing chicks looking out from underneath the mother hen or diving back beneath her for safety and warmth.
You can use broody hens to incubate eggs and then rear the chicks artificially if you are short on houses and pens for the broody hen and her offspring. Other techniques people use are to use a broody hen to incubate eggs for the first week of incubation (which is the most difficult time) or to use her to rear the chicks you hatch by incubator by placing chicks underneath her at night once she has been sitting for a while.
There is no set amount of eggs a hen will lay before she starts to sit. I have had hens sit on one or two eggs as well as 6 eggs when left to their own devices. Some Orpington hens I had would sit without any eggs!
Collection of hatching eggs
It is important to keep the nest boxes clean. Collect hatching eggs as soon as you can after they have been laid so they don't get soiled or broken by other hens in the house. Eggs can be stored for a week without effecting the hatch rate too much. Longer than this and the hatch rate starts to decline quite rapidly. Collect enough eggs to put under her (this varies between different breeds and between bantams and large fowl). If you are not sure how many she can sit on, put a few too many underneath her, if she can't manage that many then one or two will come out of the sides over the next 24 hours or so.
The broody hen
Once one of your hens goes broody and refuses to get out of the nest box, you should settle her into her broody hen house at night, away from the other hens. Other hens will soon peck the chicks when they hatch and even eat them so it is important to make sure she has her own private house and run. A broody hen house can be built quite easily if you are handy with a hammer and saw! Give her some dummy eggs or golf balls to sit on so that she sits tight. After another day, if she is sitting well and covering the dummy eggs, you can add your hatching eggs and remove the dummy eggs.
Settling a broody hen into a broody coop
The following film shows me settling a broody bantam into a broody coop to sit on some duck eggs. She had been broody for 3 days before hand but needed moving from the main chicken house away from the other hens so she could sit.
Food and water for your broody
Keen hens do not get off to eat and drink. Some broody hens can even starve themselves to death, it depends on the breed and on the individual hen so it is important that you give her a routine to follow for feeding, drinking and eliminating.
The advantages of the broody hen
- You don't have to worry about keeping the settings of your incubator right or about turning eggs.
- You don't have to worry about power-cuts.
- The broody hen generally hatch more eggs successfully than you will with an incubator.
The disadvantages
- You don't always have a broody hen when you need one, or hatching eggs for the broody hen when you have one!
- You cannot hatch as many chicks under a broody hen as you can with an incubator.
- You need to provide a house and a run for a broody hen for a long period of time during the incubation and rearing process, even if you only hatch one chick.
Incubation with a broody hen certainly has some worthwhile advantages and she usually does a great job of hatching your eggs. Most wildfowl enthusiasts swear by them as hatching results with incubators are not very good.
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Keeping Chickens 
