Uses: Utility: eggs and meat. Eggs: 160 to 200+ Eggs.
Origin: Orpington, Kent, U.K.
Weight: Drake: 2.2 – 3.4 Kg, Duck: 2.2 – 3.2 Kg.
Classification: Light.
Colours: Buff (other colours extremely rare or extinct).
Useful to Know: Three colour variations will hatch due to blue dilution gene.
Photo: A Buff Orpington Drake.
The Orpington duck was created by William Cook of Orpington, Kent around 1890 as a dual purpose utility bird. It is thought to have been developed from Aylesbury, Rouen, Cayuga and Indian Runner ducks. Mr Cook famously produced the Orpington Chicken at around the same time.
The Buff Orpington duck was a result of the vogue for buff-coloured poultry, and was first shown in England in 1907. It was standardised in Great Britain in 1910, followed by the Blue Orpington in 1926.
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In America only Buff was standardised, and the breed entered the American Standard of Perfection in 1914 as ‘Buff Ducks.’ It is very unusual for a colour to be used as the sole name for a breed, and they are now referred to simply as ‘Buffs’ in the USA, where they never achieved the commercial popularity of the Khaki Campbell or Pekin.
Characteristics
The Orpington duck is a very good layer, capable of 200 or more large white eggs in a year. Being heavier than other top laying breeds, it can also produce a useful table bird. The buff colouring stays cleaner than that of white ducks, yet the pinfeathers aren’t obvious when the bird is prepared for the table. The Buff Orpington is also an attractive and popular exhibition breed.
Ideal for either the garden or smallholding, Orpington ducks are bright, active birds that rarely fly, are hardy, and generally docile. They are good foragers and can free-range or be kept in a large pen. Although they like swimming, they will be happy enough as long as they are provided with splashing water.
The females occasionally go broody, and these ducks are fairly easy to breed apart from the colour considerations (see below).
Appearance
The body is long, broad and deep with carriage about 20 degrees above the horizontal– too upright a stance is regarded as a fault.
The bill is yellow with a dark bean at the tip. It should be straight and set fairly high on the head. Eyes are brown. Legs are strong and orange/red in colour.
The buff has a reddish undertone, but ideally the colour is even all over without grey, white or pencilled feathers, and with no white neck ring. The drake has a glossy brown head and upper neck – this colour should finish in a sharp line all around the neck. There should be no trace of green, and a minimum of blue on the rump.
As with other buff-coloured poultry, plumage can fade in sunlight.
Breeding
The Buff Orpington is an unstable colour due to a blue dilution gene. This means that from the offspring, three colour variations will appear: Buff, Blond and Brown. Only Buff is recognised as a standard colour.
In the Blond variation the adults are pale buff, and males have a grey/brown head. Brown females have light-brown pencilling; males have brown heads and rumps.
Ducklings can be identified (A.F.M Stephenson 1926) as follows:
1. Buff – Soft olive yellow down.
2. Blond – Pale yellow down with yellow bill.
3. Brown – Brownish down with dark brown bill and legs.
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Other Colours
There was also a Blue Orpington Duck, which is now very rare or possibly no longer in existence. It was reputedly larger than the Buff, and a deep blue all over with a small heart-shaped white patch on the breast; the drake’s head and neck being a much darker blue.
Black, Chocolate and White Orpingtons followed in the early part of the twentieth century, but these colours were never standardised. Both Black and Chocolate had the white bib on the breast, and the Black was around same size as the Blue Orpington. The Chocolate variety was smaller, although slightly larger than the Buff, and equaling it for laying ability.
It is unlikely that any of these colours are still around today, and even if they were it would be very difficult to be sure of their authenticity.
Photos
Books
The following books are available. Links take you to the Amazon or other sellers’ pages for the books.
- The Domestic Duck – C. & M. Ashton – P.73
- British Waterfowl Standards 2008 – P.86
- British Poultry Standards 2008 – P.434
Discussion
- Looking for stock? Visit the Waterfowl Section of our Forum
- Please leave a comment below if you can provide further information or have a question about Orpington Ducks.
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